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Hantida shaqeysa (maaliyada)

Moh'ed A. dayib  dayib2@hotmail.com

ilaah baa mahad leh Naxariis iyo nabadgalyo Nabi mohamed korkiisa ha'ahaato.

 markii ay dowladii somaliyeed dhacdey waxaa fursada kabaxdey in la helo adeegi bulshada, waxaa meesha ka baxdey dhisidii ayaaha ubadka somaliyeed hadii ay noqon laheed dhinac waxbarasho iyo mid cafimaadba, sidaa darteed waxaa jira tiro dad ah oo isku xilsaarey in ay walaalahooda ka cawiyaan wixii adeeg bulsho oo ay u qaban karaan,

taasi waxey ku tusineysaa in ay tahey iskaa wax u qabso, muhiimna tahey in dadka iyo dalkaba wax loo qabto, sidaa darteed qofkasta oo somali ah waxaa fiican in uu danta caamka ah u adeego isagoo kusaleynaya muslinimo iyo muwaadinimo.

 intaas ka dib,maqaalkani wuxuu la xiriira maqaal aan horey uga qorey(Cilmiga maaliyada), hadaba akhristihii maqaalki horeeto fursad u helay in uu akhriyo kani wuxuu unoqonayaa mid uu faaido badan kasii helo.
qormadaan oo aan kaaga hadlaayo hantida shaqeysa iyo waxyaabaha sameeya. 

Hordhac
sida aynu sheegnay maqaalkeeni horeeto waxeynu kaga hadalney cilmiga maaliyada, inagoo markaas hantida shaqeysa ku qeexney waloow aynu hoos u daadegin, sidaa darteed qormadaan waxeynu isku waydineynaa waa maxey hantida shaqeysa iyo maxaa sameen ku leh?

 Hantida shaqeysa
 
working captial
Hantida shaqeysa waa xogaa keyd ah oo lagu maal geliyo asheyda joogtada ah(current asset) ee ganacsi.hantida shaqeysa waa hanti jiritankeedu yar yahey(short-term capital).
waxaa loogu tala galey in lagu kharaj gareeyo baahida markasta joogtada ah sida, Raw-meterial-ka shirkada, mushaarka shaqaalaha, bixinta korontada iyo telephonada billkoda,deymaha yar yar, canshuurta iyo xayeysiis ka shirkada loo sameynayo(Advertisement).

 Tusaale ahaan Wareega dhiiga wuxuu muhiim u yahey jiritaanka  nolasha qofka bili'adanka ah, halka hantida shaqeysa ay  tahey jirtaanka asaaska ganacsiga, dhinaca kaleeto hantida shaqeysa waxey muhiim utahey in uu ganacsigu yeesho degenaan(stability) iyo sumacad wanaagsan, sidaa darteed Aqoonyahano badan ayaa hantida shaqeysa ku tilmaama in ay tahey xaruunta nerveha ganacsiga(never center of the Business).

Types of working capital
waxaa loo qeybiyaa hantida shaqeysa labo qeybood oo kala ah
1.revolving capital
2.regular working capital

 1.revolving capital
waxkhtiba wakhtiga uu ka badanyahey oo uu ganacsigu shaqeynayo wuxuu u bahan yahey lacag lagu bixiyo mushaarka shaqalaha, raw materialka, kirada iyo waxa lamid ah. hadaba marka badeecada ladiyaariyo waa in suuqa lageeya si lacag loogu helo, lacagtaas marka badeecada laga helo waa in hadana kharajka joogtada ah  lagu bixiyaa, sidaa darteed waxaad aragtaa in wareeg jiro(circle).
hadaba qeybtaan waxey ina bareysaa in markasta isbadel wareegi ahi jir, oo matalan marka aynu badeecada cadeyno(iibino) lacagta aynu helno hadana ganacsigi beynu kusii maal gelinaynaa.

2.regular working capital
waxaa jirta baahi  joogta ah oo lacageed oo markasta lagu kicinayo ganacsiga. hadaba lacagtaas waxaa loo bahan yahey markasta iyo xilikasta waxaana muhiim ah in gacanta lagu hayo lacagtaas si loogu maamulo ganacsiga, sidaa darteed qeybtaani waa joogteynta baahidaas aan soo sheegney.

Factors effecting working capital
 muhiimada aan casharkaan ka laheen waxa weeya bal in aan ogaano wax yaabaha sameeya hantidaan joogtada ah . waloow aan Qormadi horeeto aynu kusoo xusnay hantida shaqeysa.
hantida shaqeysa waxaa looga bahan yahey in ay ku tiirsanaato qeybo tiro ah oo ganacsiga ah markastana lagu qiimeyo qeybahaan soo socda:


1
.Dabiiciga ganacsiga
(The Nature of Business):
hantida shaqeysa ee shirkadeed waa muhiim in ay ku tiirsanaato dabiiciga ganacsiga, oo uu tixgalinaayo baayomucsharka, mar mar waxaa looga bahan yahey in hantida shaqeysa lagu maal geliyo Stocks-ka, waxaa kaloo loogu tala galey in waxyar lagu maal geliyo asheyda jiritaankodu fogyahey(Fixed Asset).


2.Baaxada Ganasiga
(Size of the Business):

hantida shaqeysa waxa looga bahan yahey in ay ku tiirsanaanto baaxada iyo howgal baaxeedka ganacsi ee markaas jira. taasi macnaheedu waxa weeye baaxada ganacsi hadii ay weyntahey wuxuu u bahan yahey hanti badan oo shaqeysa si ay ugu fududaato howlgalku.

 3.Dhererka wakhti waxsoosarka
(Length of Period of Manufacturing)

hadii waxsoosarka badeecadeed uu wakhti badan istaago iyadoo markaas loo aneyn karo dhinaca warshadeed ama gadiid  waxaa markaas loo bahan yahey lacag aad utiro badan oo shaqeysa si loola kulmo ama loogu wajaho kharajaadka wax soo saarka ilaa inta la cadeynaayo/la iibinayo  badeecada. taasina waa muhiimada in loo dhuundaloolo wakhtiga iyo inta waxsoosarka lagu sameenkaro.

 4.Habka ibinta iyo sogadashada badeecad
(Methods of Purchase and sale of commodities)

hadi uu ganacsigu awood u leeyahe in uu iibsado raw materialka markasta oo markaas deyn ku iibsado, hadana uu awood u leeyahey in uu badeecada markaas soo baxda lagu iibiyo lacag, markaas ganasigaasu wuxuu ubahanayaa in ay yartahey hantida shaqeysa. lakin hadii raw material ka ay shirkadu ku iibsato lacag isla markaasna badeecada ay soo saarto ay ku iibiso deyn hadaba markaas waxaa loo bahan yahey hantida shaqeysa in ay aad ubadantahey.(Vise-versa).

 5.Ubadalida asheyda shaqeysa lacag
(Converting working assets into cash)

hadii ay asheydu ay yihiin kuwo markas lacag loo badeli karo, tusaale ahaan ashey waxaa jirta markasta oo lacag loo baahdo iyaga loo badeli karo, sidaa darteed hantida shaqeysa wax yar baa looga bahan karta. lakin markii ay jirto baahi lacageed oo asheyda markas jirta ay adegtahey in loo badelo lacag, markaas waxaa loo bahan yahey hanti badan oo shaqeysa.


6.Wakhti yada kala duwan
(Seosonal Variation)

waxaa jira warshado kuwasoo iibsada raw-meterial xiliyada waxsoo saarka sida Cotton,sidaa darteed warshadasi waxey u bahantahey hanti badan oo shaqeysa maxaa yeelay warshado wax soo saarkeedu wuxu ku xiran yahey seasonal(wakhti)

 7.Khasaaraha Ganacsi
(Risk in Business)

ganacsiga sida Shidaalka warshadaha soo saara waxey u dhaxeyaan khasaaro badan.ganacsiga wuxuu awodaa ama uusan awoodin in uu qodniin ku soo saaro shidaalka . hadaba ganacsigaani wuxuu ubahan yahey hanti badan o shaqeysa si khasaaraha markasta loogu wajaho.

 8.Baaxada awooda shaqaalaha
(Size of labour forces)

hadii baaxada shaqaalaha ee waxasooraadka badecadeed uu badan yahey, ganacsigaasi wuxuu ubahan yahey hanti badan oo shaqeysa

 9.Dhaqdhaqaqa Ganacsiga wadanka
(State of Business activity)
hadii ganacsigu yahey mid mustaqbal fiican laga leeyahey waxaa fiican in uu loo badiyo hantida shaqeysa si u ganacsigu baaxad u yeesho.

 10.Siyasada Ganacsi
(Business Policy)
hadii ganacsiga maliyadiisu ay kutimaado dhamaadka sanad kasta qiimo dhac,waxaa loo bahan yahey in laga hortago qiimo dhaca maaliyada, dabcan markaasna waxaa isbadal ku imaankaraa siyaasada ganacsiga waxaana hubaal ah in markasina wax badan ka badalmayaan hantida shaqeysa.

F.G akhrista sharafta leh waxaan ushegayaa hadii uu wax ka fahmi waayo Qormadaan ha u qaadan in uu cilmiga maliyadu adagyahey, casharkaani wuxuu anfacayaa qofkii wax uga bilowbanyihiin ganacisga iyo dhaqaalha.

.Moh'ed A. dayib  dayib2@hotmail.com

Faafin: SomaliTalk.com | July 31, 2004

Afeef: Aragtida qoraalkan waxa leh qoraaga u saxiixan 

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