Somaliland Maxaa Loo Aqoonsan Waayey?

• Abdisalam Haji Ismail
  suxufi2004@yahoo.com

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May 18, 2005 Somaliland waxay u dabaal degtay 14 guuradeedii, SNM na waxay April 6, 2005, u dabaal degtay sanad guuradeedii 24 aad.  Su’aashu waxay tahay halgankii SNM ee 24 jirsaday iyo kii Somaliland  ee 14 jirsaday, wax aqoonsi ah oo dawlad nimo ma soo helin mise wakhtiga uun bay iska lumiyeen?

Qarnigii 21aad haddiise qabiil ama gobol dawlad loo aqoonsan karo, waxaa Africa ka soo bixi lahaa in ka badan 2000 Dawladood. Beesha Ciise waxay shirwayne ku qabsadeen Zaylac April, 1961. Shirwaynahaas waxaa ka soo qayb galay aqoon yahankii iyo odayaashii beesha Isse, kana kala yimid French Somaliland, Ethiopia Somaliland iyo Republic of Somalila. Waxay ku dadaaleen in ay dhisaan “Republic of Isseland”, waxayna go’aan ku gaareen in ay adag tahay sameeynta Dawlad qabiil keliya ahi.

SNM: Waxaa lagu dhisay shirwaynahii lagu qabtay April 6, 1981 London, UK, Shirkaas Qabaailka Waqooyi la dega laguma soo marti qaadin. Xubnihii yimid ee uu ka mid ahaa Garaad Ali Garaad Jaamac waa loo diidey. Sanadkii 1985 waxaa shirkii SNM yimid Cali Wardhiigley oo ka tirsanaa xubnaha mucaaradkii dawladda ee deegaanka Muqdisho, SNM waxay u sheegtay  Cali Wardhiigley in uusan ka qayb gelayn shirkooda.

May 18, 1991 waxay SNM Burco kaga dhawaaqday in ay dhiseen “Republic of Somaliland”, waxayna fursand heleen 14 sano, oo ay meel walba soo taabteen, ilaa haddana ma hayaan wax aqoonsi, waa maxay sababtu? Sababtu waxat tahay:

1.       Bilawgii waxay aduunka u sheegeen in ay yihiin hal Reer (Isaaq), oo dega Togdheer iyo Waqooye Galbeed, waxayna la baxeen SNM. Cidina ma aqoonsan.

2.       Mar labaadkii waxay la baxeen Somaliland, waxayna sheegteen in yihii shan Qabiil (Isse, Samaron, Isaaq, Warsangeli iyo Dhulbahante). Waxaase muuqata in Warsangeli iyo Dhulbahante ayn ka mid ahayn Somaliland, ee ay ka mid yihiin Puntland, aduunkiina taas waa ogaaday.

3.       Ma jirin sababo muujinaya sababaha ay Somalia uga go’ayaan (There is no strong case), maxakamadina dacwad  la’aan (case) ma dhegaysato. Waxay la mid tahay adiga oo dal qaxooti waydiistay, oo aan sababo sheegin lagugu ogolaado.

4.   Aduunku ma aqoonsanayo in xuduudii Africa wax laga bedelo.

5.   Waxay soo saareen sharci ah in la soo xiro xuduudii Gumaysigu ka tegay, oo ah dhul qabaail kale degaan. Arrintoodu waxay noqotay, "Habar Waalatay Aleelow ku waalatay".

Hadaba aduunka kama dhicin qabiil falaago noqday oo dawlad loo aqoonsaday, bal aan qaar ka soo qaadano qabaailkii ama Goboladii Falaagoobay (Secessionist) ee la mid ahaa Somaliland, oo aan mid keli ahi ka guulaysan maxay ay ku danbeeyeen, iyo abaal gudka ay heleen aan isla eegno.

Southern States, USA: November 1860 waxaa madaxwayne loo doortay Abraham Lincoln. Wuxuu ka soo horjeeday ganacsiga adoonsiga, waxaana hal ku dheg u ahayd, “if slavery is not crime, nothing is crime.” Gobolada Konfur USA waxay doonayeen in uu sii jiro ganacsiga adoonsiga.

Intaan la gaarin xafladiisii (inauguration) March 4, 1861, todoba Gobal ee konfur ayaa ku dhawaaqay in ay ka go’een USA oo falaagoobay. Waxay ahayd xilli uusan soo dhawayn shir Golaha Barlamanka (Congress), Madaxwayne Abraham Lincoln wuxuu amar ku bixiyey ciidamadu in ay talaabo adag ka qaadaan. Markiiba maraakiib baa lagu xeeray dekedahooda, 4 markab oo ganacsi ah oo diiday amarkiina waa lala wareegay, waxaana loo bixiyey “American Civil War”, waxaana (Congress ku) u ansixiyey April 1981 talaabadii Madaxwaynuhu keligiis qaaday, ka dibna Maxakamada Sare ee USA oo dacwad loo gudbiyey waxay go'aan ku gaareen in uu President Lincolin sax ahaa, waayo Qaranimada ayuu difaacay.

Katanga, Congo: Moise Tshombe wuxuu  goostay Katanga July 11, 1960, iyada oo dawladii Belguin ku adeeganayso si loogu jebiyo Prime Ministry Patrice Lumumba oo ay ka soo horjeeday ilaa 1956 markii uu xabsiga Katanga ku  qoray buugii, “Congo, My Country”. Belgium waxay soo xireen Lumumba waxayna u dhiibeen Katanga January 17, 1961, isla maalintiiba waxaa dilay Moise Tshombe.

Dag Hammarskjöld markii diyaaradu la dhacday, ee loo doortay U Thant UN General Secretary, Ciidamada UN waxay dagaal ku qaadeen falaagadii lana soo xiray Moise Tshombe Janaayo 9, 1963 waxaana markaas laga saxeexay is-dhiib (Formal Katanka Surrender Agreement) January 17, 1963. Moise Tshombe na waa tuu u fakaday dalka Spain.

Republic of Biafra, Nigeria: Sanadii 1966 Maj. Gen. Aguiyi-Ironsi kana soo jeeday qabiilka Igbo ayaa Nigeria inqilaabay. Sanadii 1967 waxaa isagiina  sii inqilaab Lieut. Col.  Yakubu Gowon. May, 1967 Lt. Colonel Ojukwu oo ka soo jeedda qabiilka Igbo ayaa arinkaas ka xanaaqay, wuxuuna ku dhaqaaqay in uu South Nigeria goostay, lana baxay Republic of Biafra. Dagaalkii Biafra wuxuu socday 1967-1970, waxaana ku dhintay 1,000,000 qof. Lieut. Colonel Yakubu Gowon wuxuu Biafra soo fariisiyey cagahiis, markii la jebiyey Biafra na  Lt. Col Ojuku wuxuu u fakaday Ivory Coast.

November, 1995 markii dawladda Nigeria dilka ku xukuntay sideedii qof ee uu ka midka ahaa Ken Saro-Wiwa, Nigeria aduunka oo dhan waa laga canbaareeyey, waxaana laga saaray Ururka Barwaaqosooranka (Commonwealth), laakiin markii 1,000,000 qof lagu dilay dagaalkii Biafra dawlad canbaaraysay ma jirin.

Kasai, Congo: Albert Kalonji wuxuu July 11, 1960 gobalka Kasai ee ka mid ahaa Congo goostay isaga oo dalka Belguim hoos ka caawinayaa, si loo ridi Lumumba, markii la dilayna Lumumba, waxaa lagu wargeliyey in aan Congo la kala qaybinayn, laakiin Albert Kalonj waatuu diiday, ka dibna waa tii Ciidamada UN ay soo qabteen lana xiray September 1962, ka dibna uu u fakaday dalka France oo horay wax ula waday.

People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (Cadan) iyo Yeman Arab Republic (Sanca) waxay midoobeen May 22, 1990 iyaka oo ay kala hogaaminayeen labadoodii Madaxwayne Ali Abdalla Salah iyo Ali Salim Albidh, waxayna la baxeen Republic of Yeman. Sanadii 1993, xiriirkoodii waa xumaaday, waatii Madaxwayne-ku xigeenkii Albidh uu falaago noqday oo goostay Southern Yeman.

Markii Ururka Jaamicadda Carabtu ku hun goobeen dhex dhexaadintooda, July 7, 1994 waatii ciidamada Northern Yeman ku soo qaadeen dagaal ayna qabsadeen Southern Yeman (Cadan) Madaxwayne ku Xigeenkii Ali Salim Abidh iyo Madaxdii wehelisay, waatii ay dalka dibedda uga yaaceen (exile) oo aan deero deero u herdin. 

SPLA Southern Sudan, John Garang  wuxuu aduunka ku beer laxawsaday in ay Kiristaan yihiin, jinsiyadooduna ayn Carab ahayn. Maxaay dagaal ku jireen 21 sano, waxaa ka dhimatay 3,000,000, waxaa qaxootui ka noqday 6,000,000 sida ay qortay Amnesty International. Ma jirto hal dal oo aqoonsaday, waxaana lagu khasbay in ay ka mid ahaadaan Sudan ayna awooda la qayb sadaan.

Irish Republican Army: Northern Ireland waa 6 degmo (County) waxay ka tirsan tahay Boqortooyada UK, halgankooduna wuxuu ka soo jeedaa dagaalkii loo yiqiin Easter Monday ee 1916.  Markii 1921 Southern Ireland oo ka kooban 26 degmo (County) ay Boqortooyada UK ka go’een lana baxeen Republic of Ireland. Qaybta Northern Ireland dagaalkii waa sii wadeen, wuxuuse ugu darnaa 35 tii sano ee u danbaysay, waxaa dagaalkooda ku dhintay qiyaas 25,000 qof. Wax rajo ah oo ay leeyihiina ma jirto, cid aqoonsatayna iskaba daa.

Tamil Tigers, Sri Lanka: Sanadii 1956 Solomom  Bandaranaike Prime Ministry kii u horeeyey wuxuu afka Sinhalese ka dhigay rasmi, Tamil ka oo 18% waxay ka xanaaqeen arrintaas. September 1959, Prime Ministry Bandaranaike ayaa la dilay, hawentii sii Sirimayo Bandaranaike ayaa xilkii la wareegtay. Buuqii Tamil waa soo kordhay.

Sanadii 1983 Jabhadii Tamil waxay ka codsadeen xubnihii Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF) ugu jiray barlamaanka in ay ka soo baxaan, si Tamil Gobolada Bari iyo Waqooye u goostaan. Xubnihii Barlamanka ee Tamilka ahaa (TULF) waa diideen in ay ka soo baxaan Barlamanka.

Ka dib Tamil Tigers waxay soo qaadeen dagaal laxaad leh. Waxay dagaalamyeen 19 sano, waxaa ka dhintay 61,000 qof, waxaana qaxooti noqday in ka badan 500,000 qof. May 1, 1995 waxay dileen madaxwayhii dalka Ranasinghe Premadasa. Waxaa soo gaaray khasaare laxaad leh, waxaa ugu danbayn lagu khasbay in wadahal ku dhameeyaan, iyo awood qaybsi, waxayna Dawladda iyo Tamil kala saxeexdeen hashiis February 22, 2002.

Party Quebec, Canada, wuxuu u dagaalamayey in Qubec ka go’do Canada in ku dhaw 30 sano. Waxay qiil ka dhigteen in Qaanuunkii (Quebec Act ee 1774) ee Barlamaanka Ingiriisku soo saaray uu French Territory in North America u ogolaaday Afkooda (French) iyo diintooda in loo ilaalinayo.

Waxay ku khasaareen laba afti (referendum) oo ay ka qabteen dadwaynaha Quebec, labadiiba waa ku guul daraysteen. May 20, 1980 waxaa ku codeeyey 59.5% in ay diideen falaaganimo. Mar labaadkii October 30, 1995 waxaa ku codeeyey 50.6% in ayn diideen falaagada Party Quebec. Waxaana ku guulaystay Xisbiga Liberal ka ah oo Federalist ah.

Waxaana taas uga darnaa August 20, 1998 markii maxakamada Sare ee Canada ku xukuntay in aan Quebec ayn Canada ka go’karin marka loo eego Dastuurka Canada iyo International Law labadaba, qaanuukii Quebec Act ee qarnigii 18aad na uusan hadda shaqaynayn.

Southern Rhodesia, Ian Smith.  Rhodesia waxaa gumaysan jiray Ingiriiska, magaca Rhodesia wuxuu ka soo jeedaa Ceil John Rhodes oo ahaa Arday Oxford University dhiganayey, bilaabay Shirkaddii Macdanta ka qoday dalkaas, hantidiisiina ugu deeqay Oxford, isaga oo ku magacaabay “Rhodesia Scholarship” dadka wax ku soo bartay waxaa ka mid ah: President Clinton iyo Bob Rae ( ex Premier of Ontario).

Ingiriisku waxay isku dayday in ay mideeyaan (Federation) 1953 Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia iyo Nyasaland. Northern Rhodesia iyo Nyasaland , laakiin markay arkeen in la khiyaanaynayo waxay ka baxeen Federation kii January 1, 1964, wxayna UK waydiisteen xoriyad, waxaana xornimo la siiyo isla1964, waxayna la baxeen Zambia iyo Malawi.

Ka dib November11, 1965 Ian Smith oo madax u ahaa Southern Rhodesia wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in uu ga go’ay gacanta UK oo dalku xor yahay, umana ogolaan dadka Africanka ah in ay ka qayb galaan xukunka. Cunaqabatayn lagu soo rogay darted, 15 sano ka dib, buu isku dayey in uu dalka ku wareejiyo baaderi ay ku shaqaybsan jireen Bishop Abel Muzorewa, waxayna bishop Muzarewa ku magacaabay Prime Minister June 1, 1979. Adunku ma aqoonsan, ilaa loo ogolaaday in ka qayb galan Jabhadihii Xornimo doonka ahaa. Robert Mugabe (ZANU), iyo Joshua Nkomo (ZAPU).

April 18, 1980 waxaa la qabtay doorasho guud waxaa lagu soo doortay Robert Mugabe oo ilaa hadda madaxwayne ka ah. Waxaana magacii dalka loo bixiyey Zimbabwe, Salisbury na Harare. Robert Mugabe waa tuu sanadkii 2000 soo saaray sharci qaybinta dhulkii laga dhacay African oo 4,000 cadaan ahi lahaayeen.

Tanganyika  waxay xorriyad qaadatay May 1, 1961. Dr. Nayrere  wuxuu  martiqaaday sadexdii Jabhad Goboleed ee u dagaalamayey Muzambique, kala ahaa UDENAMO, MANU, iyo UNAM. Waxayna Dara salam ku soo dhiseen jabhad guud FRELIMO, June 25, 1962 iyada oo madax loo doortay  Dr. Eduado Mondlne, iyo Samore Machel. Wuxuu kale oo soo dhaweeyey Kabila taageerayaashii  Lumumba. Dr. Nyerere wuxuu soo jeediyey in ay midoobaan marka Zanzibar xoreriyad qaadato December 9, 1963. Waxaana u bilaabmay wadahadalo in ay isku biiraan Tangayinka, Zanzibar iyo Pemba. Markaas baa Gumaysigii yiri, “Dr. Nyerere maba dhalane dhawr-taysan ogaa”.

January 1964 falaago Ingiriisku taageerayo baa isku dayey inqilaab lagu sameeyo Dr. Nyerere. Dhiig badan markuu ku daatay falaagadii waa la jebiyey waxaana la eryayey ilaa Backing Palace and Downing Street.  April 24, 1964 waxay ku guulaysteen in ay dhisaan Republic of Tanzania, dhinaca Zanzibar Abeid Krume iyo xisbigiisii Afro-Shirazi Party iyo Dr. Nyerere oo ka socday Tankanyika. Kadib Dar es Salaam waxay noqotay xarun ay ku soo hirtaan Jabhadaha Gobanimadoonka Afrikca, sida ZAPU, SANU,  FERALIMO, SWAPO, ANC, iyo Congo.

Kurdish, Ciraaq. WWI, Ingiriisku wuxuu Ottoman ka qabsaday sadex gobol oo ka mid ahaa Mesopotamia (Baghdad, Basra, iyo Mosul), wuxuuna u bixiyey Ciraaq. December 1918, Kurdish Ingiriiska waa soo dhaweeyeen, wakhti yar ka dibna waxay ka codsadeen in uu Kurdish gobol gaar ah ka dhigo. Ingiriiskii waa ku diiday fegradii, wuxuuna ku qaaday dagaal xun isaga oo kala qaybiyey.

Intii ka danbaysayna Kurdish Dawladahii Ciraaq ka dhalataba1918-2003 dagaal bay la galeen. Shirwaynihii 1aad waxay ku qabteen Baqdaad August, 1946, waxayna soo dhiseen Kurdis Dimocratic Party (KDP), oo gudoomiye u doorteen Mulla Mustafa Barzani. April 1947 waxay dagaal ka soo abaabuleen USSR. Barzani wuxuu u fakaday USSR kuna sugnaa 1947-1958.

June 1975, KDP wuxuu ukala jabay laba garab. KDP uu mada-x u noqday Mulla Mustafa Barzani,  iyo Popular Union of Kurdis (PUK) madaxna u noqday Jalal Talabini.  PUK waxaa taageeri jiray Iran, KDP na waxaa taageeri jiray Turkey. Turkeyna waxay kale oo la dagaalamayey PKK (Radical Kurdish Separatist) oo dalkooda falaago ka ahaa.

Tehran, Ankara iyo Baqdad waxaay hubka isugu dhiibeen Kurdish. Sanadii 1975 Falaagadii PUK oo Iran taageerayso baa dagaal ku soo qaaday KDP. KDP na waxay kaalmo waydiisteen Ciraaq dii ay la dagaalamayeen. Xukumadii Saddam na waxay u direen 30,000 ciidanka  ah, isaga ka faaiidaysanaya. Mullah Mustafa Barzani wuxuu dhintay 1979, waxaana bedelay wiilkiisii Masoud Barzani.

KDP iyo KUP waxaa lagu heshiisiiyey Ankara 1996. Markalena 1998 Washington. Waxaana ugu horaysay oo madaxda KDP iyo KUP Masoud Barzani iyo Jalal Talabani kulmeen January, 2001. Ugu danbayn Janaayo, 2005, Jalaal Talabani waxaa loo doortay Madaxwaynihii Ciraaq, Masoud Barzani na Madaxwaynaha Maamul Goboleedka Kurdish.

United Nations waxay go’aan ku gaareen 1995 in aan xuduuda Somalia waxba laga bedelayn, Dawladda Ingiriiskuna taas bay wax ka go’aamisay. Sidaas daraadeed, Ingiriiska ay Somaliland na aqoonso ku wareeriyeen, wuxuu keliya ee aqoonsan karaa marka uu sii dayso lixda degmo ee IRA u dagaalamaysay 35 sano.  

Abdisalam Haji Ismail
suxufi2004@yahoo.com