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Koobiyaynta Dadka (humancloning) 

Wq. Axmed Yaasiin Cabdi
ismalure@hotmail.com 

15/01/02

Dolly and her first-born lamb, Bonnie Dolly the Sheep: Laxdii ugu horeesey ku dhalatay qaabka "Cloning-ka"
Dunidan aynu ku noolnahay waxay soo martay marxalado nololeed oo kala duwan, kuwaasi oo is-baddalayay mar kasta oo isbaddal ku yimaado garaadka ama aqoonta bulshada caalamkan ku dhaqan.

Cilmiguna wuxuu mar kastaba ahaa kan kaliya ee masuulka ka ah horumarka nololeed ee beesha caalamku ay samaynaysay. Mar walba oo aqoontu korodhana waxaa iyaduna kor u kacaysay tayada nololeed ee bani’aadamka.

Tiknolojiyada casriga ah iyo horumarka cilmiga laga gaadhay waxay saldhig u noqdeen in mar kastaba laga baaraandego sidii xal loogu heli lahaa dhibaato kasta oo noolaha la soo gudboonaata, laakiin horumarka adduunku ku tallaabsaday ma aha mid dhibaato ka madhan, balse waa mid waxyeelladiisa wata oo laga yaabo in mararka qaarkood uu khatar wayn ku keeno guud ahaanba noolaha dunidan ku dhaqan.

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah aqoonyahaniinta caalamka, ayaa ku xadgudba sharafta cilmiga, una adeegsada hab aan munaasab ahayn, iyagoo iska illooba ama iska indha-tiraba anshaxa qofka aqoonyahanka looga baahan yahay inuu ku dhaqmo.

Qaar ka mid ah khubarada caalamka ayaa ku dadaalaya sidii dadka ugu isticmaali lahaayeen tijaabo hadda ka hor xoolaha loo isticmaalay.

Tijaabadaasi waxaa afka qalaad lagu dhahaa “humancloning”, waxayna ka dhigan tahay in qof caadi ah oo nool unugyadiisa hidda-raaca koobi laga sameeyo, si qof isagoo kale ah ama unugyo kuwiisoo kale ah loo curiyo.

a cloned calf called Mr Jefferson, born on February 16, 1998

Tijaabadan waxaa sanadkii 1997 fuliyay ama ku guulaystay khubaro u dhalatay waddankaas Skotland, waxayna ku sameeyeen lax ay ugu magac dareen Dolly, oo noqotay laxdii ugu horraysay ee habkan ku dhalata ama ku abuuranta.

Waxay kaloo khubaradaasi sannadkii 1998 isla dariiqaddaas u isticmaaleen dibi ay ugu magac dareen Mr. Jefferson.

Mr. Jefferson wuxuu bishii febraayo 16-keedii 1998 ku dhashay magaalada Virginia ee carriga Maraykanka.

Nin aqoonyahan ah oo u dhashay waddaka Maraykanka laguna magacaabo Richard Seed, ayaa bishii jannaayo sannadkii 1998 shaaca ka qaaday inuu tijaabadan dadka u isticmaali doono, diyaarna u yahay inuu dadka aan awooda u lahayn inay ilmo dhalaan uu unugyadooda naqshado uga sameeyo.

 

Richard G. Seed, Ph.D, Human Cloning advocate
Richard Seed wuxuu khibrad dheer u lahaa bacriminta ugxanta dumarka oo bannaanka lagu bacrimiyo, ka dibna dib loogu celiyo minka hooyada.

Isaga iyo walaalkii oo dhakhtar ah waxay markii ugu horraysay sanadkii 1983 ku guulaysteen inay ilmo yar oo uurka hooyadii ku jira ka soo saaraan, isagoon sidkiisii dhamaanin, dhibaato caafimaad awgeed, kuna wareejiyaan qof dumar ah oo kale, taasoo ilmahaas uurka ku sidday intii dhalashada uga hadhsanayd.

Haddaba waxaa hubaal ah in qofku is-waydiin karo sidee baa ruux bani’aadam ah loo koobiyayn karaa?

Arrintani waa mid marka ugu horraysa ee dhagahaagu maqlaan laga yaabo in caqligu diido, balse waxaan shaki ku jirin markii aad si dhab ah u fahanto inaad ogaanayso in cilmiga iyo tiknolojiyada maanta la adeegsado ay waxyaalo badan oo noolaha horay uga daahnaa u ifiyeen, haddaba intaynaan u dhaadhicin meesha uu maanta marayo tartanka ay culimadu ugu jiraan midha ka dhalinta dariiqad-cilmiyeedkan cusub, iyo heerka ay muddadaas gudeheeda ka gaadheen, waxaan marka hore ku horraynaynaa qeexidda koobiyaynta bani’aadamka.

Arrintani waxay martaa dhawr marxaladood oo kal duwan:

1- Tan ugu horraysa waa iyadoo qofka la doonayo in la koobiyeeyo ama laga tallaalo ilmo carruur ah, laga qaado qaar ka mid ah unugyadiisa, laguna rido dhalo gaar ah oo loogu talagalay.

2- Unugyada markii dhaladaa lagu rido waxaa laga ilaaliyaa inay wax nafaqo ah helaan, si ay u noqdaan kuwo aan firinfircoonayn ama (passive) ah.

Unug kasta oo ka mid ah unugyada bani’aadamka oo bad qaba, wuxuu leeyahay ama gudihiisa ku jira astaamo hidda raac oo u gaar ah qofka unuggaas ama unugyadaas iska leh, laakiin astaamahaas badankoodu waxay unugga ugu badhxanyihii hab kiimikaal ah ama (biochemical), arrintaasoo suuragelisa in unug waliba uu fuliyo shaqada u gaarka ah.

3- Markii ay unugyadaasi qiyaastii saddex maalmood dhalo ku jiraan, iyagoo aan helin wax nafaqo ah, waxay ku dhawaanayaan inay dhintaan. Markaas ka dib ayaa laga saaraa walxihii kiimikaalka ahaa ee unugga ku dhex badhxanaa, si ay markaas suuragal u noqoto in lala soo baxo warbixinaha unugga dhexdiisa ku kaydsan, kuwaasoo la’aantood aan hawshan koobiga ah la samayn karin.

4- Intaa ka dib ayaa mid ka mid ah unugyadii oon wadanin astaamaha xanbaarsan hidda raaca DNA ee ku jira bu’da unugga ee ( chromosome ) loo yaqaanno, lagu daraa ugxan aan bacrimisnayn oo laga soo qaaday hooyada doonaysa inay habkan ilmo ku dhasho. Ugxanta iyo unuggu markii ay habkan isugu tagaan waxaa sahlanaanaysa in ugxantu ay unugga ula falgasho sidii iyadoo bacrimisan, halkaasna waxaa ka billawda abuurkii ilmaha.

5- Markii ay ugxantu falgalkaas samayso ka dib waxaa lagu weeleeyaa ilma-galeenka hooyada, sagaal bilood oo uur ah ka dibna waxaa sidaa ku dhasha ilmo caadi ah, sida ay culimadu qabaan.

Panel Urges State to Limit Human Cloning to Research, Therapy
Los-Angels Times Jan 12, 2002
Cloning and stem Cells: Report Newscientist
washingtonpost reprot Cloning
Cloning and Genetics Bioethics

Haddaba, in kastoo culimadu ay aad ugu riyaaqeen harumarka cilmi ee ay arrintan koobiyaynta noolaha ka gaadheen, haddana waxaa markii ugu horraysay ee la tijaabiyay la isku raacay inaan xilliyadan dhaw si dhab ah loo isticmaali karin, iyadoo laga duulayo dhibkii laga soo maray koobiyaynta laxda Dolly loo yaqaanno, oo lagu guulaystay, ka dib markii 226 mar lagu guul darraystay tijaabooyinkii la sameeyay, sidaas darteed waxay culimadu isku raaceen in haddii la doonayo in qof bani’aadam ah la koobiyeeyana ay xaaladdu sidaas ka sii adkaanayso.

Sidoo kale waxaa arrintan sii adkaynaya iyadoo loo baahan yahay ugu yaraan 50 dumar ah oo ku deeqa ugxamaha la bacriminayo, isla markaana diyaar u noqda inay caloosha ku qaadaan ilmaha la tallaalayo, taasina ma aha arrin sahlan.

Intaas waxaa dheer iyadoo arrintani ay u baahan tahay kharash aad u badan, oo laga yaabo inay ku adkaato hay’adaha cilimibaadhista.

Hase yeeshee culimadu ma ayna joojinin isku daygoodi ay ku raadinayee inay dariiqad-cilmiyeedkan sii horumariyaan, tan iyo maalinkii la ogaadayna waxay culimo badani u tartamayeen sidii ay dariiqad cilmiyeedkan cusub bani’aadamka ugaga faa’iidayn lahaayeen, iyaguna uga faa’iidaysan lahaayeen, iyagoo dhagaha ka dabooshay dareenka diiddan dhaqan gelinta tijaabadan ee dunida ka soo fulaya, kaasoo ka cabsi qaba ama u arkaba in dariiqaddani ay tahay mid ka horimanaysa anshaxa cilmiga, dhawrsanaanta bani’aadamkana meel kaga dhacaysa.

Balse, in kastoo culimada arrimahan ku xeeldheer ayna wali ka quusanin inay maalin maalmaha ka mid ah koobiyeeyaan qof bani’aadam ah, haddana waxa muuqata inay dadaalkooda u badiyeen dhinac kale oo isla dariiqaddan ah, kaasoo ay sheegeen inay bani’aadamka laftiisa ugu danaynayaan.


(Time) Renegade scientists say they are ready to start applying the technology of cloning to human beings. Can they really do it, and how scary would that be?
Click here to read
 

(nature) Sequence and analysis of the human genome, Road maps to our genetic landscape etc.
Click here to read
Check also sciencemag.org
or check exn.ca
LINKS
<> Animal Discovery
<>The Lancet
<>Bogga Caafimaadka

Sharikad laga leeyahay dalka Skotland oo lagu magacaabo PPL Therapeutics, qayb ay ku leedahay dalka Maraykanka, ayaa horraanti bishan daboolka ka qaadday inay samaysay horumar cilmi ah oo laga yaabo in mustaqbalka unugyada doofaarka (sida kelyaha) loo isticmaalo dadka aan unugyadoodu fayoobayn ee in laga beddalo u baahan.

Sharikaddani waa sharikaddii ka denbaysay koobiyaynta laxda Dolly loo yaqaanno, waxayna sheegtay inay ku guulaysatay koobiyaynta shan doofaar oo ay dhismaha dabiiciga ah ee unugyadooda wax ka beddaleen.

Cilimibaadhayaasha sharikaddani waxay doofaarradan ka saareen unugga (gene) hidda raaca ee masuulka ka ah samaynta walaxda (enzyme) oo dhalisa soonkor ku sugan oogada sare ee unugyada doofaarka.

Soonkartaasi waxay difaaca dabiiciga ah ee bani’aadamka tustaa casaan, taasoo keenta inuu si degdeg ah u weeraro unugyada macaanka wata, culimada tijaabadan ka denbeeyayna waxay, si ay meesha uga saaraan unugga soonkrta dhaliya, waxay unugyadii doofaarka ka saareen yoolkii uu difaaca dabiiciga ah ee bani’aadamku weerari lahaa, arrintaasoo keenta in difaaca dabiciga ah ee bani’aadamku uuna ka didin ama weerarinba unugyada qalaad ee doofaarka.

Tijaabadanna waxaa door wayn ka ciyaartay farsamada cilmiga ah ee koobiyaynta unugyada, waxayna culimadu shantan doofaar ka saareen unugyadii baraarujin lahaa difaaca dabiiciga ah ee bani’aadamka ee tusi lahaa in unugyada doofaarku ay yihiin unugyo qalaad.

Hase yeeshee in kastoo culimadani ay tallaabo wayn qaadeen haddan middaas macneheedu ma aha in haddaba unugyada doofaarka si caadi ah loo gelin karo dadka bani’aadamka ah ee unugyada u baahan, sida kalyaha, beerka iyo wadnaha.

Diidmada uu jidhka bani’aadamku diido unugyada qalaad waxay u dhacdaa seddex siyaabood, culimada tijaabadan sameeyayna waxay ku guulaysteen inay xal u helaan hal mid oo kaliya.

Qaybaha diidmada unugyada qalaad waxay kala yihiin:

1- Nooca ugu horraysa oo ah nooca loo yaqaano (peracute exfoliation), wuxuu billowdaa daqiiqado ama saacado yar ka dib markii qofka bani’aadamka ah lagu tallaalo unugga qalaad. Wuxuuna keenaa dhiigga oo xinjirooba, walxaha ay unugyadu ka samaysan yihiin oo hawlgab noqda iyo unuggii qofka lagu tallaalay oo dhinta, ka dib markii uu dhiiggu u soo gudbi waayo. Waana nooca ay culimadu ku guulaysteen inay meesha ka saaraan.

2- Nooca labaad waxaa lagu magacaabaa (delay exfoliation), wuxuuna billowdaa dhawr maalmood ama toddobaad ka dib, wuxuuna keenaa dhiigga oo wax yar xinjirooba iyo unugga oo dhinta.

3- Nooca seddexaad waxaa isna lagu magacaabaa (chronically exfoliation), wuxuuna billowdaa dhawr sano ka dib, wuxuuna keenaa xididdada dhiigga oo qallafa, waxaana loo baahdaa in mar kale la beddalo unuggii qofka lagu tallaalay.

Hase yeeshee in kastoo ayna hadda muuqanin in farsamadan horay laga isticmaali karo, isla markaana doofaarrada loo arko kayd dayactir u ah dadka bani’aadamka ah, haddana waxaa maalinba maalinta ka denbaysa sii kordhaya horumarka uu cilmigu samaynayo, iyadoo tiknolojiyadda manta jirta ay sahalyso waxyaalo badan oo horay dunida uga daahnaa ama ay adkaydba in aadanuhu uu ku fekaro.

Wq. Axmed Yaasiin Cabdi
ismalure@hotmail.com 

-Dhammaad-

FAAFIN: SOMALITALK Janaayo 15, 2002

AFEEF: Aragtida Qoraalka waxaa leh qoraaga ku saxiixan.

QORAALADII HORE EE DADWEYNAHA::::


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